Management continues to
be referred to as a social process involving responsibility for economical and
efficient planning & regulating operation of the enterprise within the
fulfillment of given purposes. It's a dynamic process composed of numerous
elements and activities. These activities aren't the same as operative functions
like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are typical to
every one manger regardless of his level or status.
Different experts have classified functions of management. Based on George & Jerry, “There are four fundamental functions of management i.e. planning, organizing, actuating and controlling”. Based on Henry Fayol, “To manage would be to forecast and plan, to arrange, to command, & to control”. Whereas Luther Gullick has provided a keyword ’POSDCORB’ where P means Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for steering, Co for Co-ordination, R for reporting & B for Budgeting. However the most broadly recognized are functions of management provided by KOONTZ and O’DONNEL i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.
For theoretical purposes, it might be easy to separate the part of management but practically these characteristics are overlapping anyway i.e. they're highly inseparable. Each function blends in to the other & each affects the performance of others.
1.Planning
It's the fundamental purpose of management. It handles chalking out the next plan of action & deciding ahead of time the best span of actions for fulfillment of pre-determined goals. Based on KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding ahead of time - how to proceed, when you should do & how you can do. It bridges the space where we're & where you want to be”. An agenda is really a future span of actions. It's an exercise in problem-solving & making decisions. Planning is resolution of considerations to attain preferred goals. Thus, planning is really a systematic considering ways & method for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is essential to make sure proper usage of human & non-human sources. It's all pervasive, it's an intellectual activity and in addition it works well for staying away from confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.
2.Organizing
It's the procedure for getting together physical, financial and human sources and developing productive relationship among them for fulfillment of business goals. Based on Henry Fayol, “To organize a company would be to provide it with everything else helpful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To arrange a company involves figuring out & supplying human and non-human sources towards the business structure. Organizing like a process involves:
• Identification of activities.
• Classification of grouping of activities.
• Assignment of responsibilities.
• Delegation of authority and development of responsibility.
• Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.
3.Staffing
It's the purpose of manning the business structure and ensure that is stays manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance within the the past few years because of growth of technology, rise in size business, complexity of human behavior etc. The primary purpose o staffing would be to correct man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. Based on Kootz & O’Donell, “Managerial purpose of staffing involves manning the business structure through proper and efficient selection, evaluation & growth and development of personnel to fill the roles designed united nations the structure”. Staffing involves:
• Manpower Planning (estimating man power when it comes to searching, pick the person and providing the best place).
• Recruitment, selection & placement.
• Training & development.
• Remuneration.
• Performance evaluation.
• Promotions & transfer.
4.Directing
It's that a part of managing function which actuates the business techniques to work efficiently for fulfillment of business purposes. It's considered existence-spark from the enterprise which sets it moving the act of people because planning, organizing and staffing would be the mere formulations for carrying it out. Direction is the fact that inert-personnel facet of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for that achievement of business goals. Direction has following elements:
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
Supervision- implies overseeing the job of subordinates by their superiors. It's the act of watching & directing work & workers.
Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with enthusiasm to operate. Positive, negative, financial, non-financial incentives can be utilized for this function.
Leadership- might be understood to be a procedure through which manager guides and influences the job of subordinates in preferred direction.
Communications- is the procedure of passing information, experience, opinion etc in one person to a different. It's a bridge of understanding.
5.Controlling
It indicates measurement of accomplishment from the standards and correction of deviation or no to make sure achievement of business goals. The objective of controlling is to make sure that everything happens in conformities using the standards. A competent system of control helps you to predict deviations before they really occur. Based on Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the procedure of checking whether proper progress has been made for the goals and objectives and acting if required, to fix any deviation”. Based on Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling may be the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates to be able to make certain the enterprise objectives and plans preferred to acquire them to be accomplished”. Therefore controlling has following steps:
a.Establishment of normal performance.
b.Measurement of actual performance.
c.Comparison of actual performance using the standards and discovering deviation or no.
d.Corrective action.
Different experts have classified functions of management. Based on George & Jerry, “There are four fundamental functions of management i.e. planning, organizing, actuating and controlling”. Based on Henry Fayol, “To manage would be to forecast and plan, to arrange, to command, & to control”. Whereas Luther Gullick has provided a keyword ’POSDCORB’ where P means Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for steering, Co for Co-ordination, R for reporting & B for Budgeting. However the most broadly recognized are functions of management provided by KOONTZ and O’DONNEL i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.
For theoretical purposes, it might be easy to separate the part of management but practically these characteristics are overlapping anyway i.e. they're highly inseparable. Each function blends in to the other & each affects the performance of others.
1.Planning
It's the fundamental purpose of management. It handles chalking out the next plan of action & deciding ahead of time the best span of actions for fulfillment of pre-determined goals. Based on KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding ahead of time - how to proceed, when you should do & how you can do. It bridges the space where we're & where you want to be”. An agenda is really a future span of actions. It's an exercise in problem-solving & making decisions. Planning is resolution of considerations to attain preferred goals. Thus, planning is really a systematic considering ways & method for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is essential to make sure proper usage of human & non-human sources. It's all pervasive, it's an intellectual activity and in addition it works well for staying away from confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.
2.Organizing
It's the procedure for getting together physical, financial and human sources and developing productive relationship among them for fulfillment of business goals. Based on Henry Fayol, “To organize a company would be to provide it with everything else helpful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To arrange a company involves figuring out & supplying human and non-human sources towards the business structure. Organizing like a process involves:
• Identification of activities.
• Classification of grouping of activities.
• Assignment of responsibilities.
• Delegation of authority and development of responsibility.
• Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.
3.Staffing
It's the purpose of manning the business structure and ensure that is stays manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance within the the past few years because of growth of technology, rise in size business, complexity of human behavior etc. The primary purpose o staffing would be to correct man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. Based on Kootz & O’Donell, “Managerial purpose of staffing involves manning the business structure through proper and efficient selection, evaluation & growth and development of personnel to fill the roles designed united nations the structure”. Staffing involves:
• Manpower Planning (estimating man power when it comes to searching, pick the person and providing the best place).
• Recruitment, selection & placement.
• Training & development.
• Remuneration.
• Performance evaluation.
• Promotions & transfer.
4.Directing
It's that a part of managing function which actuates the business techniques to work efficiently for fulfillment of business purposes. It's considered existence-spark from the enterprise which sets it moving the act of people because planning, organizing and staffing would be the mere formulations for carrying it out. Direction is the fact that inert-personnel facet of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for that achievement of business goals. Direction has following elements:
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
Supervision- implies overseeing the job of subordinates by their superiors. It's the act of watching & directing work & workers.
Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with enthusiasm to operate. Positive, negative, financial, non-financial incentives can be utilized for this function.
Leadership- might be understood to be a procedure through which manager guides and influences the job of subordinates in preferred direction.
Communications- is the procedure of passing information, experience, opinion etc in one person to a different. It's a bridge of understanding.
5.Controlling
It indicates measurement of accomplishment from the standards and correction of deviation or no to make sure achievement of business goals. The objective of controlling is to make sure that everything happens in conformities using the standards. A competent system of control helps you to predict deviations before they really occur. Based on Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the procedure of checking whether proper progress has been made for the goals and objectives and acting if required, to fix any deviation”. Based on Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling may be the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates to be able to make certain the enterprise objectives and plans preferred to acquire them to be accomplished”. Therefore controlling has following steps:
a.Establishment of normal performance.
b.Measurement of actual performance.
c.Comparison of actual performance using the standards and discovering deviation or no.
d.Corrective action.
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